What Causes Cancer?

Cancer is caused by changes (mutations) in the DNA within cells. These mutations can be triggered by various factors, including:

• Genetics : Some cancers are inherited, passed down from parents to children through genes.
• Environmental factors : Exposure to harmful substances like tobacco smoke, chemicals, or radiation can damage DNA and lead to cancer.
• Lifestyle factors : Poor diet, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol consumption are linked to a higher risk of developing cancer.
• Infections : Certain viruses and bacteria, like HPV or hepatitis, can increase the risk of cancer by causing long-term damage to cells.

Types of Cancer

There are over 100 types of cancer, with each affecting different parts of the body. The most common types include:

• Carcinomas : Cancers that form in the skin or tissues lining internal organs (e.g., lung, breast, and colon cancer).
• Sarcomas : Cancers that arise in bones, muscles, or other connective tissues.
• Leukemia : A type of cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow.
• Lymphomas : Cancers of the immune system.

How Cancer Spreads

One of the most dangerous aspects of cancer is its ability to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. When cancer cells break away from the original tumour and travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, they can form new tumours in distant organs. This makes treatment more difficult and is often a sign of advanced-stage cancer.